Catalog > NOAA GFS forecast > Validation report

NOAA GFS forecast validation report

This dataset validation report plots a sample of values from the NOAA GFS forecast dataset over time and across space, comparing where possible to a previously validated reference dataset. It also reports the quantity of unavailable values and their associated timestamps. These analyses are one layer of a multi-layered dataset validation process we perform at dynamical.org and also provide users a preview of the dataset contents.

Report generation start time: 2026-05-26T04:23:43 UTC

Summary

This dataset has been reviewed and is ready for use. There is one known data gap: unavailable values across four consecutive forecast init cycles on 2022-11-29 → 2022-11-30 caused by corrupted index sidecars in the upstream NOAA GFS archive (see Review notes below).

What looks good

Across all 21 variables, the validation maps match the NOAA GEFS reference in continental placement and feature alignment on the 0.25° global grid (latitude north-up, longitude −180° to +180°), with no flipped axes, missing seams, or off-grid coordinates.
Validation and reference histograms overlap for every comparable variable, with no unit-scale offsets. Physical ranges are realistic across the global snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00 + 114h lead: temperature roughly −61 to +41 °C, surface pressure 49 to 106 kPa, mean sea-level pressure 93.6 to 106.8 kPa, 10 m winds within ±27 m/s, precipitable water 0.16 to 72.5 kg/m², downward shortwave radiation 0 to 1072 W/m², downward longwave radiation 67.5 to 470 W/m².
Time series at both sampled points (lat 50.25°N, lon −106°E in central Canada; lat −46.25°S, lon 151.5°E near Tasmania) track the NOAA GEFS analysis reference closely over the 2023-10-27 → 2023-11-12 forecast window for temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, and precipitable water; diurnal cycles in shortwave radiation and 2 m temperature are in phase; categorical and accumulated variables align with reference timing. Divergence beyond ~day 5 of lead time reflects normal forecast skill decay rather than a data issue.
No unexpected nulls outside the documented upstream gap. No quantization banding, sentinel-value bleed-through (the 20 km cloud-ceiling and −50% frozen-precipitation-fraction values both also appear in the GEFS reference and are upstream GRIB conventions for "no ceiling" / "no precipitation"), or unit mismatches were observed.

Review notes

Unavailable values 2022-11-29 → 2022-11-30 (all variables, four affected init cycles: 2022-11-29T12Z, 2022-11-29T18Z, 2022-11-30T00Z, 2022-11-30T06Z). The upstream s3://noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/ archive published .idx byte-index sidecars for these init cycles whose byte offsets do not align with the GRIB message boundaries in the corresponding GRIB files; the byte-range download path trusts those offsets and the partial bytes returned are not valid GRIB. Direct inspection of the underlying GRIB files confirms the data is intact at the source — only the published index is wrong. We are attempting to have these fixed at the source and will backfill once that has happened. Visible in nulls_temperature_2m.png and every other nulls_<var>.png.

Datasets

Role	Name	ID	Version	URL
Validation	NOAA GFS forecast	`noaa-gfs-forecast`	`v0.2.7`	`s3://us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/dynamical/noaa-gfs-forecast/v0.2.7.zarr`
Reference	NOAA GEFS analysis	`noaa-gefs-analysis`	`0.1.2`	`https://data.dynamical.org/noaa/gefs/analysis/latest.zarr`

Run parameters

Parameter	Value
Validation dataset type	forecast
Validation time range	init_time 2021-05-01T00:00 → 2026-05-25T18:00
Reference time range	time 2000-01-01T00:00 → 2026-05-26T00:00
Time scope	full dataset
Point 1	lat=50.2500, lon=-106.0000
Point 2	lat=-46.2500, lon=151.5000
Spatial comparison time	init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)
Timeseries period	Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Combined plots

Unavailable values: combined_nulls.png
Spatial and distributions: combined_spatial.png
Time series: combined_temporal.png

Unavailable timestamps

Full list: unavailable_timestamps.txt

Variable	Point	Unavailable count	Total count	Unavailable %	Earliest unavailable	Latest unavailable
`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`categorical_rain_surface`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`categorical_rain_surface`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`categorical_snow_surface`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`categorical_snow_surface`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`maximum_temperature_2m`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`maximum_temperature_2m`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`minimum_temperature_2m`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`minimum_temperature_2m`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`precipitable_water_atmosphere`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`precipitable_water_atmosphere`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`precipitation_surface`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`precipitation_surface`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`pressure_surface`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`pressure_surface`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`relative_humidity_2m`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`relative_humidity_2m`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`temperature_2m`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`temperature_2m`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`	P1	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`	P2	4	1540032	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`wind_u_100m`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`wind_u_100m`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`wind_u_10m`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`wind_u_10m`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`wind_v_100m`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`wind_v_100m`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`wind_v_10m`	P1	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00
`wind_v_10m`	P2	4	1547436	0.00%	2022-11-29T12:00:00	2022-11-30T06:00:00

Per-variable details

`categorical_freezing_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical freezing rain
short_name	cfrzr
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.0005028	1
Reference	0	0.0003727	1

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0
P1 Reference	0.0155	1
P2 Validation	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0

Nulls — P1: 196/1540032 (4 unavailable: 2022-11-29T12:00:00, 2022-11-29T18:00:00, 2022-11-30T00:00:00, 2022-11-30T06:00:00); P2: 196/1540032 (4 unavailable: 2022-11-29T12:00:00, 2022-11-29T18:00:00, 2022-11-30T00:00:00, 2022-11-30T06:00:00)

$categorical_freezing_rain_surface — null fraction$

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_freezing_rain_surface — time series comparison

`categorical_ice_pellets_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical ice pellets
short_name	cicep
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	2.119e-05	1
Reference	0	4.816e-06	1

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	0	0	0
P1 Reference	0	0	0
P2 Validation	0	0	0
P2 Reference	0	0	0

$categorical_ice_pellets_surface — null fraction$

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_ice_pellets_surface — time series comparison

`categorical_rain_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical rain
short_name	crain
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.2365	1
Reference	0	0.289	1

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.009615	1
P1 Reference	0.04651	1
P2 Validation	0.4087	1
P2 Reference	0.7597	1

$categorical_rain_surface — null fraction$

categorical_rain_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_rain_surface — time series comparison

`categorical_snow_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`1`
long_name	Categorical snow
short_name	csnow
standard_name	n/a
step_type	avg

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	0.1089	1
Reference	0	0.1713	1

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	0.1538	1
P1 Reference	0.2481	1
P2 Validation	0.009615	1
P2 Reference	0	0

$categorical_snow_surface — null fraction$

categorical_snow_surface — spatial comparison

categorical_snow_surface — time series comparison

`downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward long-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdlwrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	67.5	296.9	470
Reference	70	294.9	474

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	178	231.9	318
P1 Reference	178	248.1	328
P2 Validation	254	308.6	358
P2 Reference	264	326	378

$downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — null fraction$

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

`downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`W m-2`
long_name	Surface downward short-wave radiation flux
short_name	sdswrf
standard_name	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air
step_type	avg

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	173	1072
Reference	0	175.6	1072

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	90.4	466
P1 Reference	80.34	420
P2 Validation	229.2	940
P2 Reference	176.2	880

$downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — null fraction$

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — spatial comparison

downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface — time series comparison

`geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m`
long_name	Geopotential height
short_name	gh
standard_name	geopotential_height
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	8.781	9982	1.997e+04
Reference	0	1.612e+04	2.003e+04

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	700	1.172e+04	2.003e+04
P1 Reference	688	1.781e+04	2.003e+04
P2 Validation	190	7737	2.003e+04
P2 Reference	184.5	8089	2.003e+04

Nulls — P1: 196/1547436 (4 unavailable: 2022-11-29T12:00:00, 2022-11-29T18:00:00, 2022-11-30T00:00:00, 2022-11-30T06:00:00); P2: 196/1547436 (4 unavailable: 2022-11-29T12:00:00, 2022-11-29T18:00:00, 2022-11-30T00:00:00, 2022-11-30T06:00:00)

$geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — null fraction$

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — spatial comparison

geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling — time series comparison

`maximum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Maximum temperature
short_name	tmax
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	max

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-51.5	6.634	42.5
Reference	-50.25	6.943	45.75

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-14.25	-6.089	4.281
P1 Reference	-12.19	-1.807	7.781
P2 Validation	6.875	10.49	13.25
P2 Reference	8	11.19	13.75

$maximum_temperature_2m — null fraction$

maximum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

maximum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

`minimum_temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	Minimum temperature
short_name	tmin
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	min

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-60.75	4.668	38.25
Reference	-54	5.084	37.25

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-15.12	-8.129	2.531
P1 Reference	-14.5	-3.828	6.312
P2 Validation	6.156	9.876	12.38
P2 Reference	7.75	10.69	13.19

$minimum_temperature_2m — null fraction$

minimum_temperature_2m — spatial comparison

minimum_temperature_2m — time series comparison

`percent_frozen_precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Percent frozen precipitation
short_name	cpofp
standard_name	n/a
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-50	-31.35	100
Reference	-50	-26.03	100

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-50	-22.54	100
P1 Reference	-50	-26.65	100
P2 Validation	-50	-34.93	2.406
P2 Reference	-50	-22.49	25.62

$percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — null fraction$

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

percent_frozen_precipitation_surface — time series comparison

`precipitable_water_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2`
long_name	Precipitable water
short_name	pwat
standard_name	atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0.1641	18.23	72.5
Reference	0.2002	17.77	74

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	2.453	6.245	17.88
P1 Reference	2.594	8.451	19.75
P2 Validation	6.312	13.33	24.5
P2 Reference	7.906	16.18	30.75

$precipitable_water_atmosphere — null fraction$

precipitable_water_atmosphere — spatial comparison

precipitable_water_atmosphere — time series comparison

`precipitation_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`kg m-2 s-1`
long_name	Precipitation rate
short_name	prate
standard_name	precipitation_flux
step_type	avg

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	2.943e-05	0.01575
Reference	0	2.821e-05	0.008972

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	mean	max
P1 Validation	5.322e-06	0.0001392
P1 Reference	9.449e-06	0.0003052
P2 Validation	1.615e-05	0.0005379
P2 Reference	3.374e-05	0.0006485

Nulls — P1: 277/1540032 (4 unavailable: 2022-11-29T12:00:00, 2022-11-29T18:00:00, 2022-11-30T00:00:00, 2022-11-30T06:00:00); P2: 277/1540032 (4 unavailable: 2022-11-29T12:00:00, 2022-11-29T18:00:00, 2022-11-30T00:00:00, 2022-11-30T06:00:00)

$precipitation_surface — null fraction$

precipitation_surface — spatial comparison

precipitation_surface — time series comparison

`pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Pressure reduced to MSL
short_name	prmsl
standard_name	air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	9.357e+04	1.01e+05	1.068e+05
Reference	9.344e+04	1.009e+05	1.04e+05

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	1e+05	1.025e+05	1.037e+05
P1 Reference	1e+05	1.019e+05	1.036e+05
P2 Validation	9.926e+04	1.014e+05	1.032e+05
P2 Reference	9.946e+04	1.016e+05	1.032e+05

$pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — null fraction$

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — spatial comparison

pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level — time series comparison

`pressure_surface`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`Pa`
long_name	Surface pressure
short_name	sp
standard_name	surface_air_pressure
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	4.938e+04	9.658e+04	1.058e+05
Reference	5.008e+04	9.655e+04	1.037e+05

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	9.197e+04	9.388e+04	9.472e+04
P1 Reference	9.222e+04	9.371e+04	9.504e+04
P2 Validation	9.926e+04	1.014e+05	1.032e+05
P2 Reference	9.939e+04	1.015e+05	1.032e+05

$pressure_surface — null fraction$

pressure_surface — time series comparison

`relative_humidity_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	2 metre relative humidity
short_name	2r
standard_name	relative_humidity
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	1.898	77.16	100
Reference	2.25	76.88	100

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	76	90.72	99
P1 Reference	49	87.49	99
P2 Validation	53.75	73.5	92.5
P2 Reference	58.75	78.68	98.5

$relative_humidity_2m — null fraction$

relative_humidity_2m — spatial comparison

relative_humidity_2m — time series comparison

`temperature_2m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`degree_Celsius`
long_name	2 metre temperature
short_name	2t
standard_name	air_temperature
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-60.75	5.502	41
Reference	-58.75	5.76	40.75

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-15	-7.079	4.125
P1 Reference	-14.5	-2.774	7.156
P2 Validation	6.312	10.19	13.19
P2 Reference	7.969	10.94	13.62

$temperature_2m — null fraction$

`total_cloud_cover_atmosphere`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`percent`
long_name	Total cloud cover
short_name	tcc
standard_name	cloud_area_fraction
step_type	avg

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	0	70.18	100
Reference	0	62.3	100

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	5.406	76	100
P1 Reference	0	68.1	100
P2 Validation	4.906	81.78	100
P2 Reference	0	82.14	100

$total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — null fraction$

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — spatial comparison

total_cloud_cover_atmosphere — time series comparison

`wind_u_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre U wind component
short_name	100u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-31.25	-0.01991	34
Reference	-31.75	0.1288	28.75

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-7.5	4.221	13.12
P1 Reference	-6.5	3.176	13
P2 Validation	-3.219	8.214	27.75
P2 Reference	-6.625	5.251	17.75

$wind_u_100m — null fraction$

`wind_u_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre U wind component
short_name	10u
standard_name	eastward_wind
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-23.25	-0.008608	27.25
Reference	-25.25	0.0926	24

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-5.062	2.248	9.125
P1 Reference	-4.625	1.822	9
P2 Validation	-3.031	6.861	22.5
P2 Reference	-5.625	4.426	14.5

$wind_u_10m — null fraction$

`wind_v_100m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	100 metre V wind component
short_name	100v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-30.5	0.04108	29
Reference	-32.5	0.07593	27.25

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-7.75	-0.596	12
P1 Reference	-10.25	0.2608	12.12
P2 Validation	-22.5	-1.685	15.75
P2 Reference	-20.5	-2.725	14.75

$wind_v_100m — null fraction$

`wind_v_10m`

Metadata

Field	Value
units	`m s-1`
long_name	10 metre V wind component
short_name	10v
standard_name	northward_wind
step_type	instant

Spatial — snapshot at init=2021-10-26T00:00, lead=114h (reference at 2021-10-30T18:00)

Source	min	mean	max
Validation	-24.5	0.03715	22.25
Reference	-27.25	0.06721	22.25

Temporal — period Forecast init_time: 2023-10-27T00:00

Source	min	mean	max
P1 Validation	-5.562	-0.01594	6.625
P1 Reference	-7.312	0.3455	8.25
P2 Validation	-17.75	-1.305	13.38
P2 Reference	-16.75	-2.027	13.25

$wind_v_10m — null fraction$